Welcome to the science of ophthalmology! It is a subject which undergraduates find difficult to understand because of limited exposure to this specialty and because of the fact that the general principles of medicine, pathology and pharmacology do not apply to ophthalmology. Here I am attempting to make things a little easy by posting some notes/articles on topics of general interest to the undergraduates and fresh postgraduates (especially from the point of view of examinations). These articles have already been read and found useful by many students at various medical colleges of India and Nepal. I hope you will benefit too. I also intend to develop this section into a complete online textbook of ophthalmology. Your suggestions, feedback and criticism can really help, don't hesitate in sending an e-mail or writing a comment in the guestbook.

Lens & Cataract a must read for everyone.

Dark Room Procedures: Enlightened

Glare

Trachom

Did you know?

• Vision of Newborn is very poor about 3/60 and it gradually increases to normal level of 6/6 by the age of 2 years.

• Pregnancy can be diagnosed by measuring intraocular pressure! Yes, by looking at the specific wave pattern of electrotonography one could diagnose pregnancy with reasonable certainity!!

• Unfair Deal for Left Eye: Duane's Retraction syndrome and Orbital Varices occur more commonly in left than in right eye. Why? Let me also know if you find the answer. Probably some relation with difference in the anatomy of the right and left sigmoid sinus...

• Love Sign: Pupils dilate when one is feeling intensely emotional due to sympathetic overtone (.....unsympathetic undertones!!). So, keep gazing into the eyes of your beloved!

• Eyes could Kill: Oculocardiac reflex stimulated by noxious stimulus to the eyes (pressure or pull on the muscles) can lead to bradycardia or even cardiac arrest due to vagal tone.

• Blind Spot is not visible to us as a black patch in the field of vision because it has no representation in the brain (occipital cortex).